Step By Step Instructions on Installing Oracle Database 10g 32-bit R2 (10.2.0.1) on RedHat 3 x86 / CentOS 3 x86

• Pre-Installation Task

NOTE: Installing Oracle 10g on RedHat EL3 works same way as that of on Cent OS 3.
Installing CentOS:

If you do not have CentOS installed on your pc, goto www.centos.org and download the appropriate isos. You can use below
command to copy iso file on the CD from Linux command line I use scanbus option of cdrecord utility to locate the device id
which is used to write data on.

[root@shree root]# cdrecord -scanbus Cdrecord-Clone 2.01-dvd (i686-pc-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2004 Jörg Schilling Note: This version is an unofficial (modified) version with DVD support Note: and therefore may have bugs that are not present in the original. Note: Please send bug reports or support requests to http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla Note: The author of cdrecord should not be bothered with problems in this version. scsidev: 'ATA' devname: 'ATA' scsibus: -2 target: -2 lun: -2 Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27 Using libscg version 'schily-0.8'. cdrecord: Warning: using inofficial libscg transport code version (schily - Red Hat-scsi-linux-sg.c-1.83-RH '@(#)scsilinux-sg.c 1.83 04/05/20 Copyright 1997 J. Schilling'). scsibus1: 1,0,0 100) 'TOSHIBA ' 'DVD-ROM SD-M1502' '1012' Removable CD-ROM 1,1,0 101) 'SONY ' 'CD-RW CRX140E ' 'A1.0' Removable CD-ROM 1,2,0 102) * 1,3,0 103) * 1,4,0 104) * 1,5,0 105) * 1,6,0 106) * 1,7,0 107) * [root@shree root]# cdrecord –v –pad speed=4 dev=1,1,0 /path/to/iso/file.iso

Please goto www.centos.org to get detailed information on installing CentOS.

Packages:

Before you start installing Oracle10g software, please make sure that you have the below packages installed on your Linux box, else
you will get error(s) during the installation process.

[root@shree root]# rpm -q \ > make \ > gcc \ > glibc \ > compat-db \ > compat-gcc \ > compat-gcc-c++ \ > compat-libstdc++ \ > compat-libstdc++-devel \ > openmotif21 \ > setarch \ > libaio \ make-3.79.1 gcc-3.2.3-34 glibc-2.3.2-95.20 compat-db-4.0.14-5 compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128 compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128 openmotif21-2.1.30-8 setarch-1.3-1 libaio-0.3.103-3

Memory and swap Space:

Oracle Documents says that you need at least 512MB of memory and 1024MB of swap space (Double the size of memory if you have
RAM larger than 2 gigs) to run Oracle  (9i and above)  Database on Linux. Well, I have managed to successfully run one 9i and 2
10g instances (one ASM and one regular) simultaneously on a single linux box with 512 MB of memory. You simply need to adjust
the init.ora memory parameter for that.

[root@shree root]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep Total MemTotal: 515768 kB HighTotal: 0 kB LowTotal: 515768 kB SwapTotal: 4192956 kB VmallocTotal: 499704 kB

If you do not have enough Swap Space, you can add extra temporary swap space.

[root@shree root]# echo check the filesystem check the filesystem [root@shree root]# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda5 40662492 5226432 33370508 14% / none 257884 0 257884 0% /dev/shm /dev/hdb1 9621848 3341000 5792072 37% /backup [root@shree root]# echo "Now I know that I have enough space available on / as well as /backup" Now I know that I have enough space available on / as well as /backup [root@shree root]# mkdir /swap [root@shree root]# cd /swap [root@shree swap]# echo "Now use dd to create one" Now use dd to create one [root@shree swap]# dd if=/dev/zero of=extraSwap bs=1024 count=128000 128000+0 records in 128000+0 records out [root@shree swap]# echo "Change the permission so that only root can rw it" Change the permission so that only root can rw it [root@shree swap]# chmod 600 extraSwap [root@shree swap]# ls -l extr* -rw------- 1 root root 131072000 Nov 28 14:16 extraSwap [root@shree swap]# echo "setup and enable swap" setup and enable swap [root@shree swap]# mkswap extraSwap Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 131067 kB [root@shree swap]# swapon extraSwap [root@shree swap]# [root@shree swap]# echo "To Disable the swap use below" To Disable the swap use below [root@shree swap]# swapoff extraSwap

Kernel Parameters:

Oracle recommends that you set shared memory segment attributes as well as semaphores to the following values.
If not set, database instance creation will fail. I added the following lines to /etc/sysctl.conf file. Every OS process needs
semaphore where It waits on for the resources. For more on semaphore, please read the UNIX os documents.

 NOTE: If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value listed in this table, then do not change
              the value of that parameter.

                   To see the current setting in the kernel, please use the below command.

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem      -- for semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm      -- for shmall, shmmax, shmmni
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

Please add/change the appropriate variables value in the /etc/sysctl.conf file as shown below.

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 65536 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144

After adding these lines to /etc/sysctl.conf, please run the below command as root to make them enabled.

[root@shree root]# sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.file-max = 655360 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 262144

You need OS “oracle” user account created which owns the Oracle software. Oracle Software installation
needs to be proceeds by this account. Oracle software installation (without Companion CD) requires 2.5 GB
of free space available for the ORACLE_BASE directory. Please make sure that the mount point where you
plan to install Software has required free space available. You can use “df –k” to check this out.

[root@shree root]# df -k Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/hda5 40662492 5345128 33251812 14% / none 257884 0 257884 0% /dev/shm /dev/hdb1 9621848 3344928 5788144 37% /backup

I had about 33GB of free space available on “/” mount point. So I decided to install Oracle under this
mount point.

groupadd dba groupadd oinstall useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle passwd oracle

You do not need oinstall group if you are not installing on the production server or you (or your team) are the only person
responsible for future installations/upgrades of Oracle Software.

Setting Shell Limits for the Oracle User:

To improve the performance of the software on Linux systems, you must increase the following shell limits for the oracle user:

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

            oracle soft nproc 2047
            oracle hard nproc 16384
            oracle soft nofile 1024
            oracle hard nofile 65536

Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

                session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell,  add the following lines to the /etc/profile:

        if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
           if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
           else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
           fi
        fi
For the C shell (csh or tcsh), add the following lines to the /etc/csh.login.

       if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
          limit maxproc 16384
          limit descriptors 65536
       endif

Creating Oracle Software Directories:

Asp per OFA, oracle base directory has the path: /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner

where
mount_point is the mount point directory for the file system that will contain the Oracle software. I have used /u01 for the mount point
directory. However, you could choose another mount point directory, such as /oracle or /opt/oracle.
oracle_sw_owner is the operating system user name of the Oracle software owner, for example oracle.

[root@shree root]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle [root@shree root]# chown oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle [root@shree root]# mkdir -p /u02/oradata/db102 [root@shree root]# chown oracle.oinstall /u02/oradata/db102 [root@shree root]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle [root@shree root]# chmod -R 775 /u02/oradata/db102

                   The following are the storage options supported for storing Oracle Database files and Oracle Database recovery files.
                   Oracle Database files include data files, control files, redo log files, the server parameter file, and the password file.

                                   File system
                                   Automatic Storage Management
                                   Raw devices
                  
The File System option is used here as a regular installation process.
Please goto Configuring ASM (Automatic Storage Management) Instance and Database to create an ASM
Instance and configure database to use ASM instance.
Please goto Configuring Raw Devices to create database that use Raw Device.

NOTE: Database files are supported on file systems, Automatic Storage Management, and raw devices. Recovery files are supported only on file systems and Automatic Storage Management.

Setup Oracle User Account:

If you have more than one Oracle software installed on the machine, then you might want to create .bash_profile for each oracle home. For e.g, I have two oracle software installed on my machine. I have created .bash_profile9i for my 9i server and .bash_profile10g for my 10g server. I leave .bash_profile to its default. If you are going to install Only 10g, then no need to create extra .bash_profiles.

  Add the below lines into the .bash_profile file under /home/oracle. DO NOT include the ORACLE_HOME variable. We will add it once the software is installed.

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACEL_SID=db10

At this point you are ready to start Installing Oracle 10g.

•         Installation Process of Oracle 10g Software

Obtaining Oracle 10g Software:

Goto otn.oracle.com and download the appropriate Oracle 10g Software into the /tmp. Make Sure You have enough space under this mount point. You can check this using df command. I downloaded 0201_database_linux32.zip file for my 32-bit Linux box. If you just want to create single instance database, you do not need to download clusterware. Also You do not need companion cd if you do not want to have HTML DB installed. This file comes with a .zip extension which needs to be unzipped using the unzip utility which is installed as part of CentOS. Incase you do not have one; you can get it from here. After Unzipping this file, you can optionally write them on the CD. I generally prefer cdrecord command.

I used a CD media of 700MB capacity and 10g (10.2.0.1) was copied successfully.

[root@shree root]# unzip /tmp/0201_database_linux32.zip [root@shree root]# mkisofs -r /tmp/databases | cdrecord -v dev=1,1,0 speed=20 -

If you are installing the software from disc, mount the first disc if it is not already mounted. Some platforms automatically mount the disc when you insert the disc into the drive. Wherever you store software, you “cd” to that directory.

I usually copy the software on the CD as mentioned above.

[root@shree root]# xhost + access control disabled, clients can connect from any host [root@shree root]# mount /mnt/cdrom [root@shree root]# su - oracle [oracle@shree oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle [oracle@shree oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_SID db102 [root@shree oracle]# /mnt/cdrom/runInstaller

                   Follow the below procedure:

•          Main Screen:
  
              Basic Installation: Yes
              Oracle Home Location: Use default (/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
              Installation Type: Enterprise Edition (You can select accordingly)
              UNIX DBA Group: Use default: dba
              Create Starter Databases: I checked it for this example which is the default
              Global Database Name: db102
              Database password: Type in the password for SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and
              DBSNMP accounts
              Advanced Installation: No
  
          Click Next


              

•         Inventory directory and credentials Screen:
  
              Full path of the inventory directory: Use default (/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory)
              Specify Operating System group name: Use default (oinstall)
  
          Click Next

•         Run the orainstRoot.sh script:
          Open another terminal and su – root (if not connected as root)
  
               [root@shree root]# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
  

            Click Continue

•         Product-specific Prerequisite Checks:
  
  

  Verify that all of the prerequisite checks succeed, then click Next.
  Oracle Universal Installer checks the system to verify that it is configured correctly to run Oracle
  software. If you have completed all of the preinstallation steps in this guide, all of the checks should pass.
  If a check fails, then review the cause of the failure listed for that check on the screen. If possible,
  rectify the problem and rerun the check. Alternatively, if you are satisfied that your system meets the requirements,
  then you can select the check box for the failed check to manually verify the requirement.
  

          Click Next

     
           

•        Select Database Configuration:
          Click Next

•         Specify Database Configuration Options:
              Global Database Name: db102
              SID: db102
          Click Next

•         Select Database Management Option:
              As this article is not about the Grid,I choose Use Database Control
              for Database Management.
          Click Next


         

•         Specify Database File Storage Option:
              Select "File System" (for ASM and Raw devices please go ASM and Raw Devices)
              Click Next
  

•         Specify Backup and Recovery Options:
              Click Next

•                 Specify Database Schema Passwords:

    If you select Advanced Installation, you will be prompted for the SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP
    passwords, Oracle recommends that you specify passwords that:

    - Are at least four characters long
    - Are not the same as the user names
    - Have at least one alphabetic, one numeric, and one punctuation mark character
    - Are not simple or obvious words, such as welcome, account, database, or user

Note:
You must remember the passwords that you specify.

            Click Next

• Summary

        Click Install
        Execute the below script as a root when asked:

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Click OK

End of Installation:

Exit

• Post-Installation Task
  

Creating Backup of the root.sh:

Oracle recommends that you back up the root.sh script after you complete an installation. If you install other products in the same Oracle home directory, then Oracle Universal Installer updates the contents of the existing root.sh script during the installation. If you require information contained in the original root.sh script, then you can recover it from the backed up root.sh file.

Configuring New or Upgraded Databases:

Oracle recommends that you run the utlrp.sql script after creating or upgrading a database to recompile all PL/SQL modules that might be in an invalid state, including packages, procedures, and types. This is an optional step but Oracle recommends that you do it during installation and not at a later date.

Updating .bash_profile:

Now .bash_profile needs to be updated with the value of ORACEL_HOME, path and LD_LIBRARY_PATH.

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

REFERENCES:

Oracle Documentation